英語長文問題で読み解く物理学、Kindleで発売！

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英語長文問題で読み解く物理学-30: 物理学の重要テーマを英語で読み解く

英語長文で読み解く物理学-30 の中身を公開！
1. 目次
2. 1.力学 : 物体の運動とそれに作用する力の関係を研究する学問分野です。
物理学の重要テーマ、30問あります！

英語長文で読み解く物理学-30 の中身を公開！

以下、どんな内容になっているのかを公開します！

1.力学 : 物体の運動とそれに作用する力の関係を研究する学問分野です。

Understanding the Forces of Motion: Dynamics in Action

The branch of physics known as dynamics delves into the study of forces and their effects on the motion of objects. It explores the relationship between an object’s movement and the forces acting upon it, shedding light on the intricacies of how things move and change direction.

At the core of dynamics lies Newton’s three laws of motion, formulated by the renowned physicist Sir Isaac Newton in the 17th century. These laws provide a fundamental understanding of the behavior of objects in motion and have shaped our comprehension of the physical world.

The First Law: An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion continues to move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law introduces the concept of inertia, which is an object’s resistance to changes in its state of motion. For example, when you’re seated in a motionless car, and it suddenly accelerates, you experience a backward force pushing you against the seat due to your body’s inertia.

The Second Law: The acceleration of an object is proportional to the net force acting upon it and inversely proportional to its mass. This law quantifies the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, expressed as Force = Mass × Acceleration. A heavier object requires a greater force to achieve the same acceleration as a lighter object. Consider an athlete pushing a car versus a shopping cart; the car, being much more massive, requires significantly more force to accelerate.

The Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This law highlights that forces always occur in pairs. When you jump off a boat, the force you exert on the boat (action) causes it to recoil in the opposite direction (reaction). Similarly, when a rocket launches, the gases expelled downward (action) propel the rocket upward (reaction).

Beyond Newton’s laws, dynamics encompasses various concepts and applications, such as:

Friction: The force that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact. Friction plays a crucial role in everyday activities, from walking to driving, and understanding its effects is essential for engineering design and safety considerations.

Centripetal Force: The force that causes an object to follow a curved path. This force is perpendicular to the object’s velocity and directs it towards the center of the curve. Common examples include the force keeping planets in orbit around the sun and the force acting on a tetherball as it whirls around its pole.

Momentum: The product of an object’s mass and velocity. Momentum is a conserved quantity in isolated systems, meaning that the total momentum before an interaction is equal to the total momentum after the interaction. This principle is vital in understanding collisions and the transfer of motion between objects.

Energy: The ability to do work or cause change. Dynamics involves the study of kinetic energy (energy of motion) and its relationship with forces and motion. The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another.

Applications of dynamics span various fields, including engineering, sports, transportation, and astronomy. Engineers apply dynamics principles to design efficient and safe structures, vehicles, and machinery. In sports, understanding the forces involved in different activities can help athletes optimize their performance and reduce the risk of injury. The study of dynamics also plays a crucial role in space exploration, enabling the precise calculation of spacecraft trajectories and orbital mechanics.

Whether it’s a car accelerating on the highway, a baseball soaring through the air, or a planet orbiting a star, dynamics provides a framework for comprehending and predicting the behavior of objects in motion, making it an indispensable aspect of our understanding of the physical world.

注釈
1. Dynamics (力学)
2. Inertia (慣性)
3. Acceleration (加速度)
4. Mass (質量)
5. Friction (摩擦)
6. Centripetal Force (遠心力)
7. Momentum (運動量)
8. Kinetic Energy (運動エネルギー)
9. Trajectory (軌道)
10. Orbital Mechanics (軌道力学) – 人工衛星や惑星の運動を研究する分野

設問

1. According to the passage, what is the main focus of the branch of physics known as dynamics?
a) The study of light and optics
b) The study of electricity and magnetism
c) The study of forces and their effects on motion
d) The study of thermodynamics and heat transfer

2. Which of Newton’s laws of motion states that an object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force?
a) First Law
b) Second Law
c) Third Law
d) None of the laws

3. The passage explains that the force required to accelerate an object is inversely proportional to what?
a) The object’s velocity
b) The object’s mass
c) The object’s acceleration
d) The object’s friction

4. According to the Third Law of Motion, what happens when you jump off a boat?
a) The boat remains stationary
b) The boat moves in the same direction as you
c) The boat recoils in the opposite direction
d) The boat sinks

5. Which force opposes the relative motion between two surfaces in contact?a) Centripetal force
b) Friction
c) Inertia
d) Momentum

6. The passage states that momentum is a conserved quantity in what type of system?
a) Open systems
b) Isolated systems
c) Closed systems
d) All systems

7. What is the relationship between kinetic energy and forces, according to the passage?
a) Kinetic energy is unrelated to forces
b) Dynamics involves the study of kinetic energy and its relationship with forces and motion
c) Kinetic energy is inversely proportional to forces
d) Kinetic energy is directly proportional to forces

8. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an application of dynamics in the passage?
a) Engineering design
b) Sports performance
c) Space exploration
d) Weather forecasting

9. According to the passage, what principle states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be transformed?
a) The First Law of Thermodynamics
b) The Second Law of Thermodynamics
c) The Law of Conservation of Energy
d) The Law of Gravity

10. The passage mentions that understanding dynamics is crucial for which of the following?
a) Predicting the behavior of objects in motion
b) Generating electricity
c) Studying the composition of stars
d) Forecasting weather patterns

解答・解説

1. この文章によると、力学と呼ばれる物理学の分野の主な焦点は何ですか?
a) 光と光学の研究
b) 電気と磁気の研究
c) 力とその運動への影響の研究
d) 熱力学と熱の伝達の研究

答え：c) 力とその運動への影響の研究
文章の冒頭で、力学は「力とその効果および物体の運動の関係を研究する」と述べられている。

2. 外力が働かない限り、物体は静止したままか、一定の速度で運動し続けるというニュートンの運動法則はどれですか?
a) 第一法則
b) 第二法則
c) 第三法則
d) いずれの法則でもない

答え：a) 第一法則
文章で「第一法則:外力が働かない限り、物体は静止したままか一定の速度で動き続ける」と説明されている。

3. 文章では、物体を加速させるために必要な力は、物体のどの性質と反比例するのか説明されていますか?
a) 速度
b) 質量
c) 加速度
d) 摩擦

答え：b) 質量
第二法則で「加速度は質量に反比例する」と述べられている。

4. 運動の第三法則によると、ボートから飛び降りた場合、ボートはどうなりますか?
a) ボートは静止したままである
b) ボートは自分と同じ方向に動く
c) ボートは逆方向に跳ね返る
d) ボートは沈む

答え：c) ボートは逆方向に跳ね返る
第三法則によると「作用には必ず等しい反作用が存在する」ため、自分がボートに力を加えると、ボートは反対方向に動く。

5. 2つの接触面の相対運動を妨げる力は何ですか?
a) 遠心力
b) 摩擦力
c) 慣性
d) 運動量

答え：b) 摩擦力
文章で「摩擦は2つの接触面の相対運動を妨げる力である」と定義されている。

と、まぁ、このような感じで、30問の長文問題が一冊にまとまっております！

物理学の重要テーマ、30問あります！

目次にもあるように、30個の物理学にまつわる重要テーマやキーワードを使い、長文問題を作りました。

英語力を向上させたい、かつ、物理学の知識を得たい人にとって、最適な長文問題集となっております。

英語レベルは英検2級を目指している人にとって丁度いい塩梅。

大学の一般入試で、物理学にまつわるテーマの長文問題が出題されるならば、その対策にもなる物理学の基本的なテーマを扱っております。

タイパを重視して、物理学の知識を得つつ、英語の読解力を向上させたい人は、ぜひ活用してみてください。

英語長文問題で読み解く物理学-30: 物理学の重要テーマを英語で読み解く

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