TOEFL ibt リーディングテストのスコアを改善するには…
自分も、リーディング問題に苦戦したことがありますが、
一番の対策は、多読をすること。
このシリーズでは、リーディング対策用の設問も合わせて
様々なトピックでリーディング練習が出来るようにしております。
ぜひ、活用して、自身のスコアアップを目指して下さい。
本文
Passage: Medical Problems and their Impact on Society
Medical problems have a profound impact on individuals, families, and society as a whole. They not only affect the physical health of individuals but also have social, psychological, and economic consequences. Understanding medical problems and their broader implications is essential for addressing healthcare challenges and improving the well-being of populations.
One of the significant medical problems facing society is cardiovascular disease, which includes conditions such as heart attacks, strokes, and high blood pressure. These conditions contribute to a significant number of deaths worldwide and impose a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including smoking, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyles, highlight the importance of preventive measures and health promotion efforts.
Another prevalent medical problem is mental health disorders. Conditions like depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia affect millions of people globally. The impact of mental health disorders goes beyond individual suffering and can lead to decreased productivity, impaired quality of life, and strained relationships. It is crucial to prioritize mental health services, reduce stigma, and provide comprehensive support to individuals facing these challenges.
Infectious diseases also pose significant medical problems, especially in developing countries. Diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS continue to be major health threats, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Addressing infectious diseases requires a comprehensive approach that includes preventive measures, access to quality healthcare, and effective treatments.
Cancer is another major medical problem that affects individuals worldwide. Different types of cancer, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, contribute to a considerable number of deaths. Early detection through screening programs, improved treatments, and ongoing research are essential for reducing the burden of cancer and improving outcomes for patients.
Chronic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, and respiratory conditions, also present significant medical challenges. These conditions often require long-term management and can lead to complications that affect the overall well-being of individuals. Education, lifestyle modifications, and access to appropriate healthcare services are key in preventing and managing chronic diseases effectively.
設問
Questions:
- Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
A. Smoking
B. Poor diet
C. Sedentary lifestyle
D. Genetic predisposition - What is one of the consequences of mental health disorders mentioned in the passage?
A. Increased productivity
B. Improved quality of life
C. Strained relationships
D. Physical well-being - Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as an infectious disease?
A. Malaria
B. Tuberculosis
C. HIV/AIDS
D. Diabetes - How can the burden of cancer be reduced?
A. Increasing the number of cancer types
B. Implementing early detection through screening programs
C. Limiting access to cancer treatments
D. Ignoring ongoing research - What is an essential approach in addressing chronic diseases?
A. Neglecting lifestyle modifications
B. Providing limited education
C. Promoting unhealthy behaviors
D. Access to appropriate healthcare services - Which medical problem has the highest global mortality rate?
A. Mental health disorders
B. Chronic diseases
C. Infectious diseases
D. Cardiovascular disease - What is the impact of mental health disorders on relationships?
A. Improved social interactions
B. Increased trust
C. Strained relationships
D. Enhanced communication - What is the primary cause of infectious diseases in developing countries?
A. Genetic factors
B. Environmental pollution
C. Lack of preventive measures
D. Adequate healthcare systems - Which of the following is a chronic disease?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Malaria
C. Obesity
D. Influenza - What is the importance of early detection in cancer?
A. It increases the burden of cancer
B. It improves treatment outcomes
C. It limits access to cancer care
D. It prevents ongoing research
解答・解説
- Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
A. Smoking
B. Poor diet
C. Sedentary lifestyle
D. Genetic predisposition
Answer: D. Genetic predisposition
Explanation: The passage mentions smoking, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, it does not mention genetic predisposition as one of the risk factors.
- What is one of the consequences of mental health disorders mentioned in the passage?
A. Increased productivity
B. Improved quality of life
C. Strained relationships
D. Physical well-being
Answer: C. Strained relationships
Explanation: The passage states that mental health disorders can lead to impaired quality of life and strained relationships. This implies that strained relationships are one of the consequences of mental health disorders.
- Which of the following diseases is NOT mentioned as an infectious disease?
A. Malaria
B. Tuberculosis
C. HIV/AIDS
D. Diabetes
Answer: D. Diabetes
Explanation: The passage mentions malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS as examples of infectious diseases. Diabetes is not mentioned as an infectious disease.
- How can the burden of cancer be reduced?
A. Increasing the number of cancer types
B. Implementing early detection through screening programs
C. Limiting access to cancer treatments
D. Ignoring ongoing research
Answer: B. Implementing early detection through screening programs
Explanation: The passage states that early detection through screening programs is essential for reducing the burden of cancer. This implies that implementing early detection measures can help reduce the impact of cancer.
- What is an essential approach in addressing chronic diseases?
A. Neglecting lifestyle modifications
B. Providing limited education
C. Promoting unhealthy behaviors
D. Access to appropriate healthcare services
Answer: D. Access to appropriate healthcare services
Explanation: The passage mentions that education, lifestyle modifications, and access to appropriate healthcare services are key in preventing and managing chronic diseases. This implies that access to healthcare services is an essential approach in addressing chronic diseases.
- Which medical problem has the highest global mortality rate?
A. Mental health disorders
B. Chronic diseases
C. Infectious diseases
D. Cardiovascular disease
Answer: D. Cardiovascular disease
Explanation: The passage states that cardiovascular disease, which includes conditions such as heart attacks and strokes, contributes to a significant number of deaths worldwide. This indicates that cardiovascular disease has the highest global mortality rate among the options given.
- What is the impact of mental health disorders on relationships?
A. Improved social interactions
B. Increased trust
C. Strained relationships
D. Enhanced communication
Answer: C. Strained relationships
Explanation: The passage mentions that mental health disorders can lead to strained relationships. This implies that mental health disorders have a negative impact on relationships.
- What is the primary cause of infectious diseases in developing countries?
A. Genetic factors
B. Environmental pollution
C. Lack of preventive measures
D. Adequate healthcare systems
Answer: C. Lack of preventive measures
Explanation: The passage suggests that addressing infectious diseases requires a comprehensive approach that includes preventive measures. This implies that the lack of preventive measures is the primary cause of infectious diseases in developing countries.
- Which of the following is a chronic disease?
A. Tuberculosis
B. Malaria
C. Obesity
D. Influenza
Answer: C. Obesity
Explanation: The passage mentions chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and respiratory conditions as examples. Among the given options, obesity is a chronic disease.
- What is the importance of early detection in cancer?
A. It increases the burden of cancer
B. It improves treatment outcomes
C. It limits access to cancer care
D. It prevents ongoing research
Answer: B. It improves treatment outcomes
Explanation: The passage states that early detection through screening programs is essential for reducing the burden of cancer and improving outcomes for patients. This indicates that early detection plays a crucial role in improving treatment outcomes for cancer.
Note: The explanations provided above are for reference purposes and may vary in wording or detail.
本文の日本語訳
医学上の問題とそれらが社会に与える影響
医学上の問題は、個人や家族、社会全体に深い影響を与えます。それらは個人の身体的健康だけでなく、社会的、心理的、経済的な影響ももたらします。医学上の問題とそのより広範な影響を理解することは、医療の課題に対処し、人々の幸福を向上させるために不可欠です。
社会に直面している主要な医学上の問題の1つは、心血管疾患です。これには心臓発作、脳卒中、高血圧などの状態が含まれます。これらの状態は世界中で多くの死亡例に寄与し、医療システムに重い負担をかけています。喫煙、不健康な食事、座っている生活スタイルなどの心血管疾患のリスク要因は、予防策と健康促進の取り組みの重要性を示しています。
もう1つの一般的な医学上の問題は、精神保健障害です。うつ病、不安症、統合失調症などの状態が、世界中の何百万人もの人々に影響を与えています。精神保健障害の影響は個人の苦しみを超えており、生産性の低下、生活の質の低下、人間関係の緊張などにつながることがあります。精神保健サービスの優先順位付け、社会的なスティグマの軽減、これらの課題に直面する個人への包括的なサポートが重要です。
感染症も、特に発展途上国において重要な医学上の問題を引き起こしています。マラリア、結核、HIV/AIDSなどの疾患は、重大な健康上の脅威であり、重要な死亡原因となっています。感染症への対処には、予防策、質の高い医療へのアクセス、効果的な治療など、包括的なアプローチが必要です。
がんは、世界中の人々に影響を与える別の主要な医学上の問題です。肺がん、乳がん、前立腺がんなど、さまざまながんの種類が多くの死亡例に寄与しています。スクリーニングプログラムによる早期発見、改善された治療、進行中の研究は、がんの負担を軽減し、患者の結果を改善するために不可欠です。
糖尿病、肥満、呼吸器疾患などの慢性疾患も、重要な医学上の課題を示しています。これらの状態はしばしば長期の管理を必要とし、個人の総合的な幸福に影響を与える合併症を引き起こすことがあります。教育、生活習慣の改善、適切な医療サービスへのアクセスが、慢性疾患の予防と管理において重要です。
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TOEFL ibt ライティング対策も、
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